Introduction
Throughout world history, landmark scientific breakthroughs, inventions, and mathematical theories have transformed human civilization. Knowledge of these discoveries and their pioneers is an essential part of general knowledge for Loksewa competitive examinations.
Main Content
| Discovery / Invention / Theory | Discoverer / Inventor |
|---|---|
| Zero and Decimal system | Aryabhata |
| Calculus | Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz |
| Pythagoras Theorem | Pythagoras |
| Probability | Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat |
| Logarithm | John Napier |
| Theory of Relativity | Albert Einstein |
| Laws of gravity and motion | Sir Isaac Newton |
| Quantum Theory | Max Planck |
| Cosmic Rays | Victor Hess |
| Heliocentric Theory | Nicolaus Copernicus |
| Telescope | Galileo Galilei |
| Research on Black Hole | Stephen Hawking |
| Radium & Polonium | Madame Curie and Pierre Curie |
| Theory of Evolution | Charles Darwin |
| Laws of Heredity | Gregor Johann Mendel |
| Penicillin | Alexander Fleming |
| Blood Circulation | William Harvey |
| Rabies vaccine | Louis Pasteur |
| Double Helix Model of DNA | James Watson and Francis Crick |
| Bacteria | Anton van Leeuwenhoek |
| Smallpox Vaccine | Edward Jenner |
| Periodic Table | John Dalton |
| Dynamite | Alfred Nobel |
| Electron | J. J. Thomson |
| Proton | Ernest Rutherford |
| Neutron | James Chadwick |
Key Takeaways
- Aryabhata discovered Zero and the Decimal system.
- Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming, while the Smallpox vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner.
- Subatomic particles Electron, Proton, and Neutron were discovered by J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, and James Chadwick respectively.
- The Theory of Relativity was presented by Albert Einstein, and Calculus was developed by Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz.
What to Avoid
- Do not confuse John Dalton with Dmitri Mendeleev regarding the source attribution provided for the Periodic Table in this list.
- Do not mix up the discoverer of Bacteria (Anton van Leeuwenhoek) with Blood Circulation (William Harvey).
- Do not attribute the Heliocentric Theory to Galileo Galilei; according to the historical notes, it is credited to Nicolaus Copernicus.
FAQ
Q1: Who discovered Zero and the Decimal system? Aryabhata discovered Zero and the Decimal system.
Q2: Who developed the Rabies vaccine? Louis Pasteur developed the Rabies vaccine.
Q3: Who proposed the Double Helix Model of DNA? James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the Double Helix Model of DNA.
Q4: Who discovered the neutron? James Chadwick discovered the neutron.
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